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What is pertussis? Pertussis, also called “whooping cough,” is a disease caused by bacteria. Pertussis is usually mild in older children and adults, but it often causes serious problems in babies.

What are the symptoms of pertussis?
Pertussis begins like a cold, with a runny nose, sneezing, mild fever, and cough that slowly gets worse. After one to two weeks, the cough gets worse and usually starts to occur in strong “coughing fits.” This type of coughing may last for six or more weeks. There is generally no fever during this time. In young children, coughing fits are often followed by a whooping sound as they try to catch their breath. After coughing, a person may have difficulty catching their breath, vomit, or become blue in the face from lack of air. The coughing spells may be so bad that it is hard for babies to eat, drink, or breathe. The cough is often worse at night, and cough medicines usually do not help reduce the cough. Between coughing spells, the person often appears to be well. Some babies may have apnea (failure to breathe), which is extremely serious. Adults, teens, and vaccinated children often have milder symptoms that mimic bronchitis or asthma.

How is pertussis spread?
The pertussis bacteria live in the nose, mouth, and throat, and are sprayed into the air when an infected person sneezes, coughs, or talks. Other people nearby can then inhale the bacteria. Touching a tissue or sharing a cup used by someone with pertussis can also spread the disease. The first symptoms usually appear within 5 to 21 days after a person is infected.

How is pertussis diagnosed and treated?
If you have symptoms, you should see your doctor for diagnosis. Antibiotics are used to treat the infected person and their close contacts. In addition, it is helpful to get plenty of rest and fluids.

Can pertussis be prevented?
There is a vaccine (called DTaP). It is given to infants and young children. Vaccine protection begins to fade in older children and adults, but there is not currently a vaccine for pertussis for anyone over the age of seven (7). You can also safeguard your health by avoiding contact with anyone who has cold or cough illness.

For further questions, call your physician or local health department.
Texas Dept of Health - Pertussis Information